Spirituality Studies 157 Thijs Huijs et al. Measuring Spirituality in the Context of Coping for Secularized People: Review of Questionnaires Received February 2, 2026 Revised March 16, 2026 Accepted March 17, 2026 Keywords Spirituality, coping, questionnaires, transcendence Many existing questionnaires fail to capture non-religious aspects of spirituality. This review investigates whether existing questionnaires assess secular expressions of spirituality relevant to resilience and coping. A literature search (March 1, 2024) in Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, Embase, and Medline identified 6,577 articles. Twenty-nine questionnaires were screened and qualitatively analyzed, focusing on connection, spiritual coping, and transcendence. Three instruments, the Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List (SAIL), the Spirituality Scale, and the Spiritual Orientation Inventory (SOI), almost adequately addressed non-religious transcendence. Items (twelve on transcendence, four on coping) conceptualized transcendence abstractly, emphasizing receptivity and trust in coping. Few questionnaires deeply assess secular spirituality, but several suitable items were found, enabling development of a survey applicable to both religious and non-religious individuals. Thijs Huijs, MSc. is a doctoral candidate at the University of Humanistic Studies with a particular focus on spirituality. In his previous research, he demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between spirituality and well-being. Building on these findings, he is currently investigating whether spirituality can be a resource in the recovery from depression and burnout. He can be reached at thijs.huijs@phd.uvh.nl. orcid.org Thijs Huijs et al. Annemiek Schilpzand, Renske Kruizinga, Arjan W. Braam
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