Spirituality Studies 109 Nina Bilokopytova 3.8 Distribution of Coded Results To provide additional transparency regarding the analytical procedure, the distribution of codes across the analyzed corpus is summarized below. The table does not aim at statistical generalization but illustrates the overall pattern emerging from the coded passages. Table 3 Temporal Structure (RQ1) Temporal Type Number of Passages Authors Recursive (R) 32 al-Qushayrī, al-Ghazālī, Ibn ʿArabī, Rūmī Recursive-Cyclical (R/C) 6 Rūmī Linear (L) 7 al-Qushayrī, al-Ghazālī Eschatological (E) 3 Ibn ʿArabī The predominance of recursive structures reflects the frequent textual emphasis on renewal, instability of states, and the necessity of continuous practice. Linear passages appear primarily in pedagogical descriptions of spiritual progression, while eschatological formulations occur mainly in metaphysical discussions of the ultimate relation between the seeker and the divine. Table 4 Repetition Function (RQ2) Function of Repetition Number of Passages Authors Constitutive (2) 28 al-Qushayrī, al-Ghazālī Instrumental (1) 14 Ibn ʿArabī, Rūmī Marginal (0) 6 various These results indicate that repetition is most frequently treated as a structural mechanism sustaining spiritual transformation, particularly in the ethical and disciplinary contexts of early Sufi manuals and moral theology. 3.9 Coding Reliability and Reflexive Procedure Because the study employs qualitative textual coding rather than quantitative corpus analysis, the aim of the coding procedure is interpretive transparency rather than statistical replicability. Coding was conducted through iterative close reading of the selected passages. Each passage was coded independently for RQ1 (temporal structure) and RQ2 (function of repetition). After the initial coding stage, the corpus was reexamined in a second analytical pass in order to verify consistency of classification and resolve ambiguous cases. This reflexive double-reading procedure serves as an internal reliability check and reduces the risk of interpretive overgeneralization or confirmation bias. Ambiguous passages that did not clearly meet the established indicators were coded conservatively or excluded from the analytic tables. The goal of this approach is not to produce statistically generalizable claims but to demonstrate how structured interpretive coding can clarify the temporal and functional logic of spiritual concepts within classical Sufi texts.
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