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VOLUME 11 ISSUE 2 FALL 2025

Editorial 1
Mindfulness and Tourism Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Spirituality 3
1 Introduction 4
2 Literature Review 5
2.1 Mindfulness 5
2.2 Spirituality 6
2.3 Tourism Well-Being 7
3 Research Model 8
4 Methodology 8
4.1 Data Collection and Participants 8
4.2 Measurements 8
4.3 Data Analysis 9
5 Results 9
5.1 Test of Common Method Bias 9
5.2 Measurement Model Assessment 9
5.3 Structural Model Evaluation 12
6 Discussion and Conclusions 14
7 Limitations and Future Directions 15
Acknowledgements 15
References 16
Learning to Be with Oneself: Reflections on Mindfulness and Self-Compassion among Future Educators 21
1 Introduction 22
2 Theoretical Background 22
2.1 Mindfulness and Self-Compassion: Concepts and Evidence 22
2.2 Mindfulness and Self-Compassion in Educational Settings 23
3 Research Design 25
3.1 Aims and Research Questions 25
3.2 Participants 25
3.3 Procedure 25
3.4 Measures and Data Collection 26
3.4.1 Awareness and Practice of Stress-Reduction Techniques 26
3.4.2 Reflection on Techniques 26
3.4.3 Focus Group 27
4 Results 27
4.1 Theme 1 – Perceived Impact of the Intervention 27
4.1.1 Enhanced Everyday Awareness 27
4.1.2 Awareness of Inner Dialogue 28
4.1.3 Valuing Exposure to the Techniques 28
4.2 Theme 2 – Barriers to Practice 28
4.2.1 Personal and Internal Barriers 28
4.2.2 Contextual and Environmental Barriers 29
4.2.3 Delivery and Access Factors 30
4.3 Theme 3 – Perceived Pedagogical Implications 30
4.3.1 Age Appropriateness 30
4.3.2 Specific Techniques and Potential Uses 30
4.3.3 Increasing Access and Awareness 30
4.3.4 Risks and Preconditions 31
5 Discussion 31
5.1 Interpretation of Key Findings 31
5.2 Limitations and Directions for Future Research 33
6 Conclusion 33
Notes 34
Acknowledgement 35
References 36
Effects of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Heart Rate Variability and Three Gunas: A Pilot Study Based on Dhyānabindu Upanisad 39
1 Introduction 40
2 Methodology 41
2.1 Study Design and Setting 41
2.2 Participants and Recruitment 41
2.3 Ethical Approval and Consent 41
2.4 Randomization and Group Allocation 41
2.5 Participant Adherence and Engagement 42
2.6 Outcome Measures 42
2.6.1 Heart Rate Variability (HRV) 42
2.6.2 Psychological Assessment of Triguna 42
2.7 Statistical Analysis 43
3 Results 43
3.1 Heart Rate Variability 43
3.1.1 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Average Heart Rate Beat Per Minutes (AHRBPM) 47
3.1.2 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Standard Deviation R-R intervals (SDRR) 47
3.1.3 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Coefficient of Variance of RR intervals (CVRR) 47
3.1.4 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Standard Deviation of Successive Differences (SDSD) 47
3.1.5 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD) 48
3.1.6 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Parasympathetic Reactivity Response Index (PRRx) 48
3.1.7 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Total Power (TP) 48
3.1.8 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Low Frequency (ms2) 48
3.1.9 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Low-Frequency Power (LF Power) 49
3.1.10 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Low Frequency (nu) 49
3.1.11 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on HF Power (ms2) 49
3.1.12 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on High-Frequency Power (HF Power) 49
3.1.13 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on HF Power (nu) 50
3.1.14 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on LF/HF Ratio 50
3.2 Three Gunas Changes 50
3.2.1 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Standard Sattva Score (SSS) 50
3.2.2 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Standard Rajas Score (SRS) 51
3.2.3 Effect on Trimūrti Dhyāna on Standard Tamas Score (STS) 51
4 Discussion 51
4.1 Limitations and Future Implications 52
5 Conclusions 52
References 53
Spirituality, Coping, and Loneliness in Adolescent Cybervictimization: Emotional Loneliness as a Unique Predictor 55
Acknowledgement 55
1 Introduction 56
2 Methods 57
2.1 Sample and Procedure 57
2.2 Measures 57
3 Results 58
3.1 Descriptive Analysis 58
3.2 Gender Differences in Cybervictimization 60
3.3 Correlation Analysis 60
3.4 Regression Analysis 61
4 Discussion and Conclusions 62
References 64
Svādhyāya Meets Technology: Can AI Assist Self-Study? 67
1 Introduction 68
2 An Insight into Self-Study 69
2.1 The Sādhana of Svādhyāya 69
2.2 On Knowledge, Understanding, (Artificial) Intelligence and Consciousness 70
3 On the Pros and Cons of Using AI for Self-Study 71
3.1 A Short Introduction to Large Language Models 72
3.2 The Alignment and Moderation Problem of Using AI 72
3.3 Security Concerns of Using AI 73
4 AI as a Guru? 73
4.1 AI and its Potential Relation to Consciousness 73
4.2 Transhumanism and the Realisation of Consciousness through Living Systems 74
4.3 Spiritual Guidance by a Guru versus an AI 75
5 Conclusion 77
Notes 78
References 79
Yogalands: In Search of Practice on the Mat and in the World 82
1 Introduction 82
2 Reading Yogalands from a Scholarly Critic’s Perspective 83
3 Reading from a Practitioner Perspective 84
4 Conclusion 85
Reference 85
Mission 87

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