50 Spirituality Studies 11-2 Fall 2025 3.1.13 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on HF Power (nu) Post-intervention analysis in the Dhyāna Group (DG) revealed an increase in mean ± SD of High-Frequency Power (HF Power) in normalized units (nu) from 31.62 ± 10.64 to 41.64 ± 16.85. Although this represents a 31.7% rise in parasympathetic nervous system activity, the change was not statistically significant (p = 0.256), indicating that the increase may not be confidently attributed to the intervention. The effect size was moderate to large (Cohen’s d = 0.71), suggesting a potentially meaningful impact (Table 2). In the Control Group (CG), HF Power (nu) remained almost unchanged, showing a slight decrease from 43.13 ± 18.28 to 43.04 ± 18.09. This change was statistically insignificant (p = 0.910), with a negligible effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.00) and a −0.20% change (Table 3). Between-group comparison post-intervention indicated no statistically significant difference in HF Power (nu) between DG and CG (41.64 ± 16.85 vs 43.04 ± 18.09; p = 0.756). Nonetheless, the Dhyāna Group demonstrated a higher effect size and percentage change compared to the Control Group, hinting at a potentially positive influence of the intervention (Table 4). 3.1.14 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on LF/HF Ratio Post-intervention analysis in the Dhyāna Group (DG) showed a reduction in the mean ± SD of Low Frequency to High Frequency (LF/HF) Ratio from 2.57 ± 1.48 to 1.74 ± 1.08. This represents a 32.3% decrease in sympathovagal balance in favor of parasympathetic dominance. However, this change was not statistically significant (p = 0.233), implying that the reduction may have occurred by chance. The effect size was moderate (Cohen’s d = 0.64), indicating a potentially clinically relevant shift (Table 2). In the Control Group (CG), the LF/HF Ratio decreased slightly from 1.90 ± 1.73 to 1.81 ± 1.46. This change was also statistically insignificant (p = 0.820), with a negligible effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.05) and a −4.74% change (Table 3). Between-group comparison post-intervention revealed no statistically significant difference in LF/HF Ratio between DG and CG (1.74 ± 1.08 vs 1.81 ± 1.46; p = 0.787). Nonetheless, the Dhyāna Group exhibited a substantially greater percentage reduction and effect size than the Control Group, suggesting a possible beneficial impact of the Trimūrti Dhyāna practice (Table 4). 3.2 Three Gunas Changes In the experimental group, a statistically significant increase was observed in Sattva scores (p < 0.05), while Rajas and Tamas scores decreased compared to the control group. The mean Sattva score improved from 132.4 to 148.7 after the 6-week Trimūrti Dhyāna practice. These changes suggest a psychological shift towards balanced and sattvic personality traits. 3.2.1 Effect of Trimūrti Dhyāna on Standard Sattva Score (SSS) Post-intervention analysis in the Dhyāna Group (DG) showed a highly significant increase in the mean ± SD of Standard Sattva Score (SSS) from 38.85 ± 5.03 to 46.24 ± 5.23 (p < 0.001). This represents a 19.02% enhancement in the Sattva quality following the Trimūrti Dhyāna intervention. The effect size was large (Cohen’s d = 1.44), indicating a substantial psychological and emotional improvement (Table 2). In the Control Group (CG), the Sattva score decreased slightly from 39.64 ± 7.48 to 39.21 ± 6.99, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.794). The effect size was negligible (Cohen’s d = 0.05), with a −1.08% change in SSS (Table 3). A between-group post-intervention comparison showed a highly significant difference in Sattva scores (DG vs CG: 46.24 ± 5.23 vs 39.21 ± 6.99; p < 0.001), supporting the conclusion that the Trimūrti Dhyāna intervention had a strong positive effect on cultivating Sattva Guṇa. The percentage change and effect size were markedly higher in the Dhyāna Group compared to the Control Group (Table 4).
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