44 Spirituality Studies 11-2 Fall 2025 Table 2 Comparison between Dhyāna Group Pre-Post HRV Variable Pre & Post Mean ± SD % Change ES p-value AHRBPM Pre 78.60 ± 10.07 -3.39 0.27 0.532 Post 75.93 ± 9.03 SDRR Pre 43.34 ± 17.44 15.57 0.43 0.112 Post 50.09 ± 12.98 CVRR Pre 0.05 ± 0.02 20 0.63 0.069 Post 0.06 ± 0.01 SDSD Pre 29.71 ± 12.36 29.7 0.49 0.427 Post 38.54 ± 21.90 RMSSD Pre 29.67 ± 12.34 29.76 0.49 0.427 Post 38.50 ± 21.88 Prrx Pre 10.68 ± 10.09 41.8 0.31 0.91 Post 15.14 ± 17.00 TP Pre 1749.25 ± 1020.93 24.86 0.32 0.609 Post 2184.07 ± 1572.22 LF Power ms2 Pre 702.16 ± 325.42 -6.91 0.12 0.307 Post 653.66 ± 433.29 LF Power Pre 43.91 ± 10.55 -29.15 1.4 .004** Post 31.11 ± 7.41 LF Power nu Pre 67.62 ± 10.71 -16 0.72 0.211 Post 56.81 ± 18.06 HF Power ms2 Pre 353.56 ± 192.84 72.6 0.51 0.776 Post 610.13 ± 675.74 HF Power Pre 20.46 ± 7.70 28.5 0.43 0.82 Post 26.29 ± 17.37 HF Power nu Pre 31.62 ± 10.64 31.7 0.71 0.256 Post 41.64 ± 16.85 LF/HF Pre 2.57 ± 1.48 -32.3 0.64 0.233 Post 1.74 ± 1.08 SSS Pre 38.85 ± 5.03 19.02 1.44 .000** Post 46.24 ± 5.23 SRS Pre 32.85 ± 2.89 -12.57 1.36 .000** Post 28.72 ± 3.15 STS Pre 28.28 ± 5.70 -11.5 0.63 .004** Post 25.03 ± 4.48 * AHRBPM = Average Heart Rate Beat Per Minute; SDRR = Standard Deviation R-R Intervals; CVRR = Coefficient of Variance of RR Intervals; SDSD = Standard Deviation of Successive Differences; RMSSD = Root Mean Square of Successive Differences; TP = Total Power; LF = Low-Frequency; HF = High Frequency; SSS = Standard Sattva Score; SRS = Standard Rajas Score; STS = Standard; Tamas Score = Highly Significant (p<0.001) **
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