Spirituality Studies 11-2 Fall 2025 15 Vivien Iacob et al. 7 Limitations and Future Directions This study employed self-report measures through an online survey. Thus, future research might consider data collection in different ways (e.g., observations, interviews) to minimize possible standard bias. Qualitative studies are also necessary because they can help researchers gain a more in-depth understanding of the tourism experience and how mindfulness and spirituality could lead to higher levels of well-being. Finally, it would be essential to conduct longitudinal studies to analyze the effects of mindfulness, spirituality, and well-being over time. More specifically, it would be interesting to investigate if mindfulness levels are stable over the trip, if they enhance after the travel, or if they tend to decrease. In this sense, it will be possible to better understand the evolution of these concepts over time. Hopefully, this study could inspire future researchers to continue exploring these concepts. Acknowledgements Funding This study was supported by the FCT: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., Project UI/BD/152313/2021, doi.org; and Project UIDB/04020/2020, doi.org. Conflict of Interest The authors report there are no competing interests to declare. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Compliance with Ethical Standards Ethics Approval All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study, including the ethical standards, was approved by the Scientific Commission of the Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Algarve, Portugal, with the reference number CEUAlg Pn°106/2023. Informed Consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
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