14 Spirituality Studies 11-2 Fall 2025 6 Discussion and Conclusions Previous findings with new approaches were considered to explore the associations between mindfulness, spirituality, and tourism well-being. Since a gap was identified in the literature regarding integrating these concepts into a conceptual theoretical model, this research aimed to present a model that could serve as a basis and inspiration for future studies to continue to focus on research in this area. The theoretical contributions of this study expand the academic understanding of how mindfulness affects tourism well-being. Mindfulness helps individuals restore mental and psychological well-being (Baer et al. 2012). In tourism, mindfulness has been proven to influence memorable tourism experiences positively (Tyaigi et al. 2023), contributing to enhancing well-being (Klussman et al. 2020). A limited number of tourism studies have examined the concept of spiritual well-being (Moaven 2020). However, the relationships and effects between these concepts have not yet been discussed separately in tourism. The present study enriches the understanding of the positive influence of mindfulness and spirituality on tourism well-being from a psychological perspective by addressing this research gap. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies examining the positive association between mindfulness and tourism well-being (considering AWB and CWB) and the mediating role of spirituality in this relationship. Mindfulness has been shown to influence tourism experiences positively (Chen et al. 2017). The results of the measurement model revealed satisfactory fit indices. Also, the reliability and construct validity were confirmed. The structural model findings further supported the vital role of mindfulness and spirituality in tourism well-being. The current research empirically demonstrated the positive relationship between mindfulness and tourism well-being, reflecting that individuals more likely to experience mindfulness states show increased tourism well-being. Further, the results align with previous literature that suggests a positive association between mindfulness and subjective well-being (Baer et al. 2012). In line with prior literature, the findings of this study showed that spirituality was positively related to well-being, as discussed by Fredrickson (2002), Koenig et al. (1988), and Steger and Frazier (2005). Also, the mediation analysis results supported the link between mindfulness and tourism well-being via spirituality as a mediator. Mindfulness directly affects tourism well-being and indirectly impacts tourism well-being via spirituality. Additionally, the findings of this study align with positive psychology literature and add empirical confirmation that subjective well-being, which comprises CWB and AWB, has also found its counterparts in the tourism context. Tov (2018) indicated a strong correlation between CWB and AWB. In a similar vein, the present research findings revealed a strong correlation between happiness and life satisfaction. Also, the results indicated a positive link between tourism well-being, happiness (AWB), and satisfaction with life (CWB). These results corroborate previous studies, which suggest that these concepts are somewhat related but should be examined separately (Lucas et al. 1996). Finally, the findings of this study have managerial implications. First, it gives professionals in the field a better understanding and appreciation of how tourism can enhance people’s overall quality of life and well-being in ways that go beyond straightforward hedonistic enjoyment. This knowledge may encourage travel service providers to increase customer engagement and interaction further. Second, promoting well-being benefits of a holiday experience can open doors for the traveler economy. For instance, as a resource for tourism products, well-being, and mindfulness can be adapted as marketing tactics to influence consumers’ vacation destination preferences. Adopting topics such as well-being for travel destinations may inspire more people to travel, which will boost the industry’s financial gains.
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