Spirituality Studies 11-1 Spring 2025 61 Carmen María Salvador-Ferrer ty, especially to know the differences in relation to other concepts such as spirituality (Heidl 2023, 21–22; Fuentes 2018, 109). In this sense, as indicated by Heidl (2023, 22), following the approaches of (Koenig 2008, 349–351), originally spirituality is understood from within religion, but spirituality is a broader concept than religion, which includes non-religious beliefs and practices. According to Fuentes (2018, 116) religious beliefs are related to a set of beliefs, dogmas, institutional doctrines, while spirituality is more related to transcendence without having to be linked to religious practices. Third, it should be noted that previous studies not only offer partial justifications, but data have also not been presented where the analysis specific causal of determinate variables, for example, positive and negative self-esteem, have been presented. This research is promoted to determine whether religiosity and self-esteem are related to purpose of life and what type of cause-effect relationships exist between these variables. In this regard, it would be useful to consider whether the impact of religiosity is the same in people with positive and negative self-esteem. On the other hand, in the case of the mediated relationship between religiosity and life purpose, whether positive and/or negative self-esteem explain this relationship. Summarizing, with the purpose of providing information to the scientific community on this topic, as well as with the purpose of deepening the existing explanations, the present research work is promoted. In this sense, an exploratory study is proposed in which the general objective is to analyze whether religiosity and self-esteem (positive and negative) influence purpose in life. Given that in our sociocultural reality, there are no specific studies on this subject, the conceptual framework is based on previous studies in which there is only evidence of partial relationships between the variables. However, based on the research of Błazek and Besta (2010, 949–959), it is established as a theoretical framework that there is a causal relationship between religiosity, self-esteem, and purpose in life, with self-esteem (positive and negative) being the mediating variable (see Figure 1). Figure 1 Theoretical Model Self-Esteem (negative) Self-Esteem (positive) Religiosity Purpose in Life
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