30 Spirituality Studies 11-1 Spring 2025 There was a statistically significant decrease in body weight from 54.28 kg to 53.84 kg (p<0.05), accompanied by a significant reduction in BMI from 22.00 to 21.84 (p<0.05). Total body fat percentage showed a slight, non-significant decrease from 30.17% to 30.04% (p=0.668), while fat mass decreased marginally from 16.85 kg to 16.55 kg (p=0.128). Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and muscle mass showed minor, non-significant decreases. FFM decreased from 37.43 kg to 37.29 kg (p=0.409), and muscle mass from 35.34 kg to 35.21 kg (p=0.418). Total body water (TBW) in kilograms decreased slightly from 25.71 kg to 25.68 kg (p=0.864), while TBW percentage increased marginally from 47.66% to 47.86% (p=0.548). Bone mass showed a slight, non-significant decrease from 2.09 kg to 2.08 kg (p=0.380), and metabolic age decreased from 44.33 to 43.63 years (p=0.219). The visceral fat rating decreased from 6.03 to 5.87 (p=0.057). Notably, the degree of obesity showed a significant change, moving from 0.05% to −0.70% (p<0.05). Figure 2 Body Composition Measurements -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Weight (kg) BMI Fat (%) Fat Mass (kg) FFM (kg) Muscle Mass (kg) TBW (kg) TBW (%) Bone Mass (kg) Metabolic Age Visceral Fat Rating Degree of Obesity (%) 54.28 22.00 30.17 16.85 37.43 35.34 25.71 47.66 2.09 44.33 6.03 0.05 53.84 21.84 30.04 16.55 37.29 35.21 25.68 47.86 2.08 43.63 5.87 -0.70 p=0.001 p=0.008 p=0.668 p=0.128 p=0.409 p=0.418 p=0.864 p=0.548 p=0.380 p=0.219 p=0.057 p=0.008 Pre-Intervention Post-Intervention
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