S p i r i t ua l i t y S t u d i e s 3 - 2 Fa l l 2 0 1 7 9 Mukund V. Bhole 1 Introduction The computer sciences refer toBasic Input-Output System (BIOS). The bio-medical sciences refer to Sensory-Motor activity and networking in the nervous system. There is reference to the terms vāyus, prāna and prānāyāma in traditional texts on Hatha and Tantra yoga. For a novice and the beginner in yoga, activity of vāyus could be understood as neuro-muscular activity and/or psycho-neuro-muscular actions involving motor nerves and motor areas in the brain and the spinal cord. Stimulation of various receptors (exteroceptors/tele-receptors, internal receptors, visceral receptors, vestibular receptors) giving rise to sensations leading to knowledge of different kind could be understood as the activity of prāna. The concept of prānāyāma could be viewed as increasing the depth, intensity, quality and subtlety of the knowledge and the database related to the Self in relation to the spiritual (adhyātmika) yoga [1]. In modern sense of the term, the science, philosophy and practical aspects of traditional yoga education programs are based on subjectively experienced knowledge about the existence and survival of the human being and the life as a whole in different environmental conditions. Those who got this knowledge tried to communicate it to those who didn’t have the same or similar kind of knowledge. Being based on the internally aroused sensations, in the initial stages, the teachers and students encounter lot of difficulties in communicating their subjective feelings and knowledge to each-other clearly and effectively in the objective framework of the modern education systems. Different yoga schools and traditions use various terms such as vāyu, vāta, prāna, pavana, samīrana, anila, māruta, maruta, śvasana, prabhañjana while highlighting the importance of the subject of prānāyāma and for describing the related techniques and their effects. Moreover, these terms are used indiscriminately, as synonyms (Gharote and Devnath 2005) and many times in an obscure language. The terms vāyu, prāna and prānāyāma are used with different meanings and understandings in different yoga traditions and in the same tradition with reference to context as has been presented in Yoga Kosha [2]. Relevant and important matter has been summarized below. About the author Mukund Vinayak Bhole, M.D., D.Sc. is a retired research director of the Kaivalyadhama SMYM Samiti, Lonavla, India, the first Yoga Research Institute on the globe. He holds M.D. in physiology and D.Sc. in yoga, and was granted a number of distinctions for his tireless work in yoga. Dr. Bhole works and teaches in a number of Asian and European countries since the early 1970-ies. Presently he has started cooperating also in an EU project on consciousness and creativity. His main area of interest is research into prānāyāma. His email contact is mv35bhole@gmail.com.
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