Spirituality Studies 10-2 Fall 2024 43 Gejza M. Timčák, Gábor Pék Doc. Ing. Gejza M. Timčák, PhD., graduated from the Technical University in Košice in 1964, he got his PhD from Imperial College in London in 1975 and served in various capacities mainly at Technical university in Košice, Slovakia. He got his first formal yoga teacher qualification in 1979. Since 1981 he is also a tutor at Teacher Training Programs. He co-organized multiple yoga programs and conferences starting in 1978 and published nearly 100 papers, including several books, on various aspects of yoga. He is available at spjke@netkosice.sk. Dr. Gábor Pék, PhD., earned his M.Sc. diploma in computer science in 2011 and his Ph.D. in 2015 from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary. He is an Assistant Professor at the CrySyS Lab, Budapest University of Technology and Economics. He started practicing yoga in 2018 and is developing special sādhanā protocols in cooperation with his mentors at home and abroad. His email contact is gaborpek@protonmail.com. Gejza M. Timčák, Gábor Pék Ancient and Modern Understanding of the Functions of Kōśas Kōśas are a concept that since upaniṣadic times are described as constituting the human functional structure. Their applicable meaning, however required further elucidation. The study investigates the functional meaning of kōśas based on scriptural references and experiential assessment, taking into consideration also the concept of tattvas, prāṇa, and ahaṁkāra. Special attention is given to ānandamaya kōśa, the function of which is one of the most complex ones. The paper reviews ancient as well as recent scriptural description of kōśas and explains them through a general perceptual model. As a result, the paper presents a revised functional model of the kōśas that are under the governing force of ahaṁkāra, together with indicating a way to manonāśa and jñāna that changes the role of ahaṁkāra in one’s life. Received August 17, 2024 Revised September 21, 2024 Accepted September 22, 2024 Key words Kōśa, prāṇa, tattva, ahaṁkāra, ātma-vichāra ←← Ramana Mahariśi (1879–1950)
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