1 Introduction Throughout history, Jews have been permanently restricted in many fundamental rights (isolation in ghettos, prohibition from pursuing some handicrafts, and so on) and periodically harassed through “ideologically justified” genocide. It is almost incomprehensible why some individuals, as well as entire nations, at certain times in history turned against the Jews again and again, and why specifically this faith incites predominantly strong negative emotions. The 20th century had brought a new form of anti-Semitism – the Nazi Holocaust, which revealed an extreme nationalism, racism, and for the most part the fanaticism of the Nazi ideology. The word holocaust can be understood as an absolute disaster and destruction. The term holocaust, which can be understood as a sacrificial burnt offering, has become accepted as a synonym for the Nazi mass murder of Jews in order to completely exterminate European Jewry. The scientific literature sometimes replaces the word Holocaust with Shoah, which describes the final solution of the Jewish question (i.e., extermination of the Jewish nation). There are two basic questions for our research: What is known? Holocaust has impact on Jewish life. Transgenerational transmission of trauma occurs in surviving victims. What the study adds? It provides information about health care employees´ knowledge of the Holocaust and transgenerational transmission of trauma in victims. It detects an interest in integrating these issues into the education of health care providers. 2 Present state of a subject and analysis of interest The partition of Czechoslovakia in 1938– 1939 determined the fate of its Jews during the war. According to the 1930 census, 356 830 people in the Czechoslovak Republic identified themselves as Jews by religion: 117 551 in Bohemia andMoravia, and 136 737 in Slovakia. After the partition of Czechoslovakia, approximately 118 310 people defined as Jews lived in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (today the Czech Republic) was established on March 15 1939 by proclamation of Adolf Hitler from Prague Castle following the declaration of establishment of the independent Slovak Republic on March 14 1939. Bohemia and Moravia were autonomous Nazi-administered territories which the German government considered part of the Greater German Reich (Lemkin 2005). In November 1941 Reinhard Heydrich ordered the creation of a camp-ghetto at Theresienstadt. Between 1941 and late 1944 the German authorities assisted by local Czech security forces killed 73 603 deported Jews. The occupation authorities and their Czech collaborators also killed another 7 000 Protectorate Jews in Bohemia and Moravia. The government of the Slovak Republic 124 (2) Rebeka Ralbovská - Monika Zaviš - Renata Knezović
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